Why BPTT ≈ Costate?
How the BPTT backward pass recovers the Pontryagin costate.
A technical note behind PG-DPO: the backward pass of backpropagation through time (BPTT) computes the pathwise discrete adjoint of the time-discretized control problem. Under stationarity and martingale-projection consistency, this discrete adjoint converges to the adjoint BSDE — the continuous-time Pontryagin costate. The derivation below makes this correspondence precise.